Good afternoon, 

I am hoping someone here can help me out.  I am an elearning developer, and I am responsible for making software simulations utilizing the Adobe Captivate product, which is installed directly on my computer.  The software I am attempting to make simulations of is accessed through a VMWare Horizon client.  The problem I am encountering is that Captivate is not catching all of the screen captures that it should, including it fails to capture keystrokes when I type in fields to identify resources.  When I work in any other program NOT accessed through the VMWare client, I have absolutely no trouble.  This leads me to believe it is something on the VMWare side that is causing the issue.

Does anyone have any suggestions on how to resolve this?

Thank you in advance for your assistance,

Joshua

jeez, where do I start!

I was 'cleaning' my system and in a dumb moment deleted something that VMware needs to operate . . . *stu shakes head at his incompetence*

I rang VMWare and was told my Fusion 3 doesn't work with my OS X operating system (10.9.5) and i'll have to upgrade . . . what tosh, it was all working fine until I cocked up, so i'm hoping this forum can help me please . . . I'm wanting to re-install the Fusion 3 that i purchased years ago, it worked fine, don't need to pay to upgrade etc . . . disc lost years ago annoyingly, but do still have the original box!! wIth documents etc, i'll try and get the key from vmware by ringing customer services or logging into my account . . .

Thanks in advance . . .

I have read quite a few blogposts about configuration of ESXi uplinks. Many experts prefer LBT over LACP.

I am looking for some good arguments to use LBT over LACP in the following configuration :

- about 60 ESXi 6.5 hosts all with 4 x 10 GbE network adapters.

-Netapp NFS storage

-distributed switches

-single tenancy, all management done by same group of IT-admins

-no need for a single VM to consume over 10 Gb of bandwidth

-redundancy of network uplink required

-network traffic: VM lan, vMotion, HA, ESXI management, NFS datastores, iSCSI from guest OS

-keep it simple

I am wondering how well LBT is able to detect a link failure, cable error?

What about using host profiles and LACP. Works well?

What would be your preferred configuration?

One dvSwitch for all 4 nics, or 2 dvSwitches each having 2 nics? LACP or LBT?

Thanks for your help!

I have entered my license key to license vCenter Server. After doing so I got an EULA licensing error that said I needed to license at least one asset. I went in to the hosts and clusters and figured I would just assign a license to a host, but I am getting an error there also. I get "Cannot add the following license keys. Existing Licenses: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Fix or remove these license keys to proceed." Thank you for any help.

Hi,

After running vCenter 6.5 for around 2 months, I suddenly stopped being able to connect via the web client to it. I tried restarting services, even the entire appliance with no luck. Any help pointing out the issue would be appreciated. I already found another discussion on these forums with the exact same issue that nobody answered so the solution was to move back to 6.0. https://communities.vmware.com/message/2635193

The web interface shows this error:

503 Service Unavailable (Failed to connect to endpoint: [N7Vmacore4Http20NamedPipeServiceSpecE:0x00007fb0a0004530] _serverNamespace = / action = Allow _pipeName =/var/run/vmware/vpxd-webserver-pipe)

In the vsphere_client_virgo.log I found the following errors:

[2017-02-03T09:52:32.471Z] [INFO ] CEIPSynchronizerTimer         com.vmware.vise.vim.security.sso.impl.SsoCmLocatorImpl            Fetching SSO endpoints from CM

[2017-02-03T09:52:32.705Z] [INFO ] CEIPSynchronizerTimer         com.vmware.vise.vim.security.sso.impl.SsoCmLocatorImpl            Retrieved locations of services from CM at https://PRG-LAB-VC01.praguelab.internal/cm/sdk?hostid=f68a7a75-4694-4ec9-bd57-0f2af1cd9746 in 249 milliseconds:

adminAppUrl: https://PRG-LAB-VC01.praguelab.internal/sso-adminserver/sdk/praguelabsso.internal, stsUrl: https://PRG-LAB-VC01.praguelab.internal/sts/STSService/praguelabsso.internal, metadataUrl: https://PRG-LAB-VC01.praguelab.internal/websso/SAML2/Metadata/praguelabsso.internal, vmodlVersion: interface com.vmware.vim.binding.sso.version.version3_5

[2017-02-03T09:52:32.917Z] [INFO ] CEIPSynchronizerTimer         com.vmware.vim.sso.client.impl.SiteAffinityServiceDiscovery       Site affinity is disabled

[2017-02-03T09:52:33.118Z] [INFO ] CEIPSynchronizerTimer         com.vmware.identity.token.impl.SamlTokenImpl                      SAML token for SubjectNameId [value=vpxd-extension-f68a7a75-4694-4ec9-bd57-0f2af1cd9746@praguelabsso.internal, format=http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/claims/UPN] successfully parsed from Element

[2017-02-03T09:52:33.124Z] [INFO ] CEIPSynchronizerTimer         com.vmware.vim.sso.client.impl.SecurityTokenServiceImpl           Successfully acquired token for user: {Name: vpxd-extension-f68a7a75-4694-4ec9-bd57-0f2af1cd9746, Domain: praguelabsso.internal}

[2017-02-03T09:52:33.224Z] [INFO ] CEIPSynchronizerTimer         com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.VcServiceImpl          Initializing vmomi for vc - https://PRG-LAB-VC01.praguelab.internal:443/sdk at VMODL version com.vmware.vim.binding.vim.version.internal.version11

[2017-02-03T09:52:33.288Z] [ERROR] CEIPSynchronizerTimer         com.vmware.ph.ceip.authentication.DsSessionSimulatorImpl          Exception occured while locating TargetVCService. As a result session cannot be simulated, since there is no VC to work with. For more details see the underlying exception: Unexpected status code: 503 com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.UnexpectedStatusCodeException: Unexpected status code: 503

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.Response$Status.getStatus(Response.java:58)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.http.impl.HttpExchangeBase.parseResponse(HttpExchangeBase.java:150)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.http.impl.HttpExchange.run(HttpExchange.java:48)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.http.impl.HttpProtocolBindingBase.executeRunnable(HttpProtocolBindingBase.java:226)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.http.impl.HttpProtocolBindingImpl.send(HttpProtocolBindingImpl.java:110)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl$CallExecutor.sendCall(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:581)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl$CallExecutor.executeCall(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:562)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.completeCall(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:344)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.invokeOperation(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:304)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.invoke(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:178)

        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy615.retrieveContent(Unknown Source)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.VcServiceImpl.initializeVmomi(VcServiceImpl.java:1429)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.VcServiceImpl.<init>(VcServiceImpl.java:322)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.LinkedVcGroupImpl.createVcService(LinkedVcGroupImpl.java:554)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.LinkedVcGroupImpl.<init>(LinkedVcGroupImpl.java:187)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.LinkedVcGroupImpl.<init>(LinkedVcGroupImpl.java:150)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.LinkedVcGroupImpl.<init>(LinkedVcGroupImpl.java:125)

        at com.vmware.ph.ceip.authentication.DsSessionSimulatorImpl$VcGroupsRegistryProvider$LinkedVcGroupFactory.create(DsSessionSimulatorImpl.java:627)

        at com.vmware.ph.ceip.authentication.DsSessionSimulatorImpl$VcGroupsRegistryProvider.getLinkedVcGroupRegistry(DsSessionSimulatorImpl.java:362)

        at com.vmware.ph.ceip.authentication.DsSessionSimulatorImpl.simulate(DsSessionSimulatorImpl.java:118)

        at com.vmware.ph.ceip.impl.Synchronizer$1.run(Synchronizer.java:71)

        at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java:555)

        at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java:505)

[2017-02-03T09:52:33.290Z] [ERROR] CEIPSynchronizerTimer         com.vmware.ph.ceip.impl.Synchronizer                              Global consent status synchronizer has stopped unexpectedly. As a result the local consent state will not be synchronized with other consent states. To recover please verify/fix the exact reason in the cause exception and restart the service com.vmware.ph.ceip.authentication.DsSessionSimulatorImpl$ServiceInitializationException: Exception occured while locating TargetVCService. As a result session cannot be simulated, since there is no VC to work with. For more details see the underlying exception: Unexpected status code: 503

        at com.vmware.ph.ceip.authentication.DsSessionSimulatorImpl$VcGroupsRegistryProvider.getLinkedVcGroupRegistry(DsSessionSimulatorImpl.java:378)

        at com.vmware.ph.ceip.authentication.DsSessionSimulatorImpl.simulate(DsSessionSimulatorImpl.java:118)

        at com.vmware.ph.ceip.impl.Synchronizer$1.run(Synchronizer.java:71)

        at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java:555)

        at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java:505)

Caused by: com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.UnexpectedStatusCodeException: Unexpected status code: 503

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.Response$Status.getStatus(Response.java:58)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.http.impl.HttpExchangeBase.parseResponse(HttpExchangeBase.java:150)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.http.impl.HttpExchange.run(HttpExchange.java:48)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.http.impl.HttpProtocolBindingBase.executeRunnable(HttpProtocolBindingBase.java:226)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.http.impl.HttpProtocolBindingImpl.send(HttpProtocolBindingImpl.java:110)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl$CallExecutor.sendCall(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:581)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl$CallExecutor.executeCall(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:562)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.completeCall(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:344)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.invokeOperation(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:304)

        at com.vmware.vim.vmomi.client.common.impl.MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.invoke(MethodInvocationHandlerImpl.java:178)

        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy615.retrieveContent(Unknown Source)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.VcServiceImpl.initializeVmomi(VcServiceImpl.java:1429)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.VcServiceImpl.<init>(VcServiceImpl.java:322)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.LinkedVcGroupImpl.createVcService(LinkedVcGroupImpl.java:554)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.LinkedVcGroupImpl.<init>(LinkedVcGroupImpl.java:187)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.LinkedVcGroupImpl.<init>(LinkedVcGroupImpl.java:150)

        at com.vmware.vise.vim.commons.vcservice.impl.LinkedVcGroupImpl.<init>(LinkedVcGroupImpl.java:125)

        at com.vmware.ph.ceip.authentication.DsSessionSimulatorImpl$VcGroupsRegistryProvider$LinkedVcGroupFactory.create(DsSessionSimulatorImpl.java:627)

        at com.vmware.ph.ceip.authentication.DsSessionSimulatorImpl$VcGroupsRegistryProvider.getLinkedVcGroupRegistry(DsSessionSimulatorImpl.java:362)

        ... 4 common frames omitted

I have a need to enable QOS on many different vCenter's and dVs's. I could do it on the dVs uplink or individual port groups. Either way its going to be different traffic rules that are going to be added & maintained. Can anyone think of a good reason to create the traffic rules on the uplink vs. port group(s)? Thanks

Hi,

I cannot access any of the Apps using HTML in any of the browser. I am using the latest Horizon View 7.1, a security server and the ports 443, 4172 and 8443 are forwarded to the Security Server. I do not have any issues accessing apps using the Client.

The HTML access works fine internally.

Thanks in advance.

Just Looking to log in from a the vmware host to another linux box (as a different user).  I done this before plenty of times on Linux boxes before but not sure on the actual VMware host.  I have generated public key

/usr/lib/vmware/openssh/bin/ssh-keygen

then copied it over to the server I want to ssh to without password:

cat /etc/ssh/testserver_pub_key.pub  | ssh myuser@testserver 'cat >> /home/myuser/.ssh/authorized_keys'

Still can't log in without password.

Hi guys,

Just a quick one on this issue, I'm going to replace the vCenter SSL cert for 2 vCenters (5.0) running in linked mode, will they break?

Do I need to reconfigure the linked mode after the new certs are loaded in to vCenters?

Thank you.

When am login here "VMware Horizon View HTML Access" am getting "You cannot access your applications or desktops from the web client. Please install the VMware Horizon Client, version 3.0 or later."

But i can access apps and desktops from connect using VMware Horizon View desktop client", Anyone help what i am missing....

Thanks

Ganesh

Well, it only took a month of back and forth with my tech; I wanted to share the solution here that worked for us. Many people are not going to like it as it's more work ahead

Long story short you are going to have to UPDATE all of your old apps that you built on 2.11 or any other apps that have this registry string

I went from 6 minute log ins to 1 min and 20 with 7 + apps I need to rebuild the rest of my apps

So go to your App Volumes and Edit whatever app is taking a long time to log in.

Start building you app make sure its installed and working before you complete the reversion. You need to make changes to the  snapvol.cfg

1. Open the mounted appstack disk on the reference machine through C:\SnapVolumesTemp  you have to type this in as it's hidden
2. Open the snapvol.cfg file using a text editor located in the root of the appstack.
3. In the snapvol.cfg file, locate this line:
4. reverse_replicate_registry_key=\MACHINE\Software\Classes

Delete the line

reverse_replicate_registry_key=\MACHINE\Software\Classes

Save the snapvol.cfg

Finish with the App Volumes and complete the task

Start with just ONLy testing 1 app at a time

I'm on our 6th app and this is working like a charm for me now

If it's helpfull we are on VMware Horizon 7 7.03 Agent and

App Vol 2.12 agent

This is for Windows 10 64 Bit

-Alex

Good day!

I have got a repetitive issue on one of my esxi 5.1 hosts causing it to fall into PSOD (in attachment). The stacktrace is always the same from one PSOD to another. Had never faced it before and on other hosts everything works fine.

I will be glad to any help you can provide to identify if it is a hardware of software issue.

Server model is supermicro SYS-6018R-MTR with m/b X10DRL-i with double Xeon 2630 v4 and 4x Kingston KVR21R15D4/32 on board. Memory was tested for about 3 days using memtest86 with no errors.

As far, as i could notice, this PSOD doesn't depends on VMs activity - it can occur in a high load, or at midnight.

I have met this KB looking for a solution: ESXi host fails with PSOD when using Intel Xeon Processor E5 v4, E7 v4, and D-1500 families (2146388) | VMware KB but it is about ESXi v5.5 and 6.0. Anybody met this problem using ESXi 5.1 with E5 v4 Xeons and resolved it this way?

Thanks in advance, Alex.

Hello,

We are deploying a new Horizon environment on View 7.1.0.  We will be deploying on all-flash vSAN and want to utilize AppVolumes on top of non-persistent linked-clones to publish some specialized software for specific users.  I just installed and deployed AppVolumes 3 and it looks much different than the book I read about AppVolumes 2 (Learning VMware App Volumes from PACKT Publishing.)  So my question is, is anyone using version 3 yet, or would we be better off deploying on the latest version of 2.x?  I can't find a lot of documentation about 3 so already having some issues with my first package (it shows all kinds of launch points for Visio 2013 instead of just the EXE for the program itself.)  Thanks so much!

Chad

Hi,

I have some doubts in configuring SMTP please find below.

what is User Name and Password? [is it mail server related?]

what is sender email address? [we can use any random email or we have to use one already existing under our mail server?]

please provide me information on it, thanks 

First I noticed that after updating VMware tools on a windows 8 VM, it appeared a protected folder inside \AppData\Local\Temp folder and inside this protected folder a file called dfixapi.dll.

Every time I use my VM a new protected folder with an additional copy of the dll file appears and there is no way to delete it.

After Workstation 12.5.5 the same protected folder and file appears also on the host  (windows 10 pro)  and not only at the VM level.

I have tried to install a new host (windows 10.pro) from scratch.  I have installed windows, updated it and installed office and no problem showed up. As soon as I install VMware, the problem shows up.

Any explanation why this difxapi.dll file is being created by the VMware workstation?

Is this normal? Is this a virus or malware?  if so, any solution?

thanks, Robert Lobel

Hello All, new user, testing VMWare Workstation Pro 12.5, 30 Day evaluation.  So far so good.  One lingering problem, and it's a big one, is Wacom Tablet Intuos Pro has lag.  This is a big deal because we are unable to be precise with our drawings.  We produce engineering drawings.  Laggy mouse = screwed up drawings.

Main System = Windows 10 Pro 64 bit, 32GB Memory, Core i7 7700K, 256GB SSD.

Virtual System = Windows 7 Pro 64 bit, 1 processor allocated, 4GB Memory Allocated, 2GB Video Memory.

I've disabled Windows 10 tablet mode, unchecked the "Use Ink Mode" in the Wacom software, disabled 3D performance check box of virtual machine, tried Never and Always for mouse option in virtual machine, but still get lag.

Disabling ink mode on the tablet made the biggest difference.  Windows 10 and the Wacom tablet work excellent, but using it in the Windows 7 machine in a pass-thru atmosphere produces lag.

Can anyone help?  Any suggestions?

I am running esxi 6.5 with the latest patches and vmware tools 10.1.5

I am having very inconsistent performance issues with both of my hosts. Basically the windows 2016/windows 10 guests are sluggish at times. nothing will load and the os is basically unresponsive when interacting with the gui. The issue seems to be stemming from disk performance but I am not 100% certain that this is the cause, it may be a side affect.

What I have noticed is that some vms show a average response time for the disk of about 2000ms. Yet if i check the performance monitor at a host level the disk and datastores are all showing sub 1ms response time. I am not able to explain the inconsistencies there.

I have a local ssd datastore on each host as well as a rather fast nvme iscsi san that is connected via 100gb mellanox connectx4 cards. I see the issue with both hosts and both datastores. The issue seems to be worse now with the most recent patches and vmware tools drivers. I am using vmxnet3 network cards and paravirtual scsi controllers on all vms.

I have run disk benchmarks on the vms and the resutls vary. I have already seen it where i run a disk benchmark on a guest, get horrible results, vmotion it to the other host, and benchmarks to the san are fine, and then i vmotion the guest back to the original host and the results are fine the second time I run it.

here is an example of a bad test, the reads are terrible:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

CrystalDiskMark 5.2.0 x64 (C) 2007-2016 hiyohiyo

                           Crystal Dew World : http://crystalmark.info/

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

* MB/s = 1,000,000 bytes/s [SATA/600 = 600,000,000 bytes/s]

* KB = 1000 bytes, KiB = 1024 bytes

   Sequential Read (Q= 32,T= 2) :     0.655 MB/s

  Sequential Write (Q= 32,T= 2) :  5384.173 MB/s

  Random Read 4KiB (Q= 32,T= 2) :     0.026 MB/s [     6.3 IOPS]

Random Write 4KiB (Q= 32,T= 2) :   617.822 MB/s [150835.4 IOPS]

         Sequential Read (T= 1) :     2.306 MB/s

        Sequential Write (T= 1) :  1907.004 MB/s

   Random Read 4KiB (Q= 1,T= 1) :    53.942 MB/s [ 13169.4 IOPS]

  Random Write 4KiB (Q= 1,T= 1) :    52.104 MB/s [ 12720.7 IOPS]

  Test : 50 MiB [C: 5.2% (15.6/299.5 GiB)] (x1)  [Interval=5 sec]

  Date : 2017/03/25 20:29:18

    OS : Windows 10 Enterprise [10.0 Build 14393] (x64)

a few seconds later on the same setup i get perfectly fine results:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

CrystalDiskMark 5.2.0 x64 (C) 2007-2016 hiyohiyo

                           Crystal Dew World : http://crystalmark.info/

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

* MB/s = 1,000,000 bytes/s [SATA/600 = 600,000,000 bytes/s]

* KB = 1000 bytes, KiB = 1024 bytes

   Sequential Read (Q= 32,T= 2) :  6655.386 MB/s

  Sequential Write (Q= 32,T= 2) :  5654.851 MB/s

  Random Read 4KiB (Q= 32,T= 2) :   695.193 MB/s [169724.9 IOPS]

Random Write 4KiB (Q= 32,T= 2) :   609.216 MB/s [148734.4 IOPS]

         Sequential Read (T= 1) :  1810.393 MB/s

        Sequential Write (T= 1) :  1626.112 MB/s

   Random Read 4KiB (Q= 1,T= 1) :    53.266 MB/s [ 13004.4 IOPS]

  Random Write 4KiB (Q= 1,T= 1) :    54.289 MB/s [ 13254.2 IOPS]

  Test : 50 MiB [C: 5.2% (15.7/299.5 GiB)] (x1)  [Interval=5 sec]

  Date : 2017/03/25 20:32:21

    OS : Windows 10 Enterprise [10.0 Build 14393] (x64)

Yesterday I had some time on my hands, noticed 6.5.0b for vCenter appliance was released, and 6.1.4 vdp was available.

Upgraded vCenter appliance no problem (from 6.5.0a). Then tried to upgrade 2 vdp instances to 6.1.4 from 6.1.3. Both upgrades failed (no errors, just failed around 80% stating I had to recover from snapshot). Also, after reverting, the vDP plugin is no longer loaded in the vCenter web interface.

I restored the vdp appliance from snapshot, restarted, still no vdp icon to access. I also removed the vdp from the mob interface, and tried to re-register the vdp appliance using vdp-configure. It failed on re-registering to the vcenter instance.

At this point, I decided to try to just re-create my vdp instances. I downloaded the 6.1.4 ovf file, deployed, and during vdp-configure it fails (tried 3 times, on two different datastore types iscsi/nfs).

I still had the 6.1.3 ovf, so I tried to deploy the older version, fails with the same errors as 6.1.4 is failing with.

Keep in mind I deployed 6.1.3 a month ago with absolutely NO issues. I'm wondering if this has something to do with vCenter 6.5.0b.

The errors when deploying brand new instances (both 6.1.3 and 6.1.4) are attached a screenshots.

As mentioned above, I tried both on NFS and iSCSI datastores (iSCSI datastores running VMFS6).

Anyone know anything about this?

New to the site, new to VM, and if I ever get trained I'll laugh at having to ask this. We have a single Linux server that hosts a half-dozen or so guest VMs. The VMs are all RHEL 5.9 (for the time being).

I launch the VpxClient.exe from my PC. There's a config file that appears to be a basic template. No other files of significance have been installed on the PC. Specifically, no vCenter -- although we seem to be licensed for it. The corporate PC I use is considerably locked down, so acquiring vCenter is going to take some effort. I cannot just download and install it.

Getting to my point, command line attempts to ssh/scp fail as "connection refused". The people who set this up are long gone. Undocumented, of course. So with good reason, I'm not likely to bounce this production server just to learn what breaks.

Any constructive ideas are appreciated. TIA.

I am having trouble getting Windows 10 to save Default App Association when using Non-Persistent VDI, I am using UEM 9 and Horizon 7.1.  Any help would be appreciated.